Coupa for Suppliers Glossary

A

account

A financial account used for tracking spend, likely linked to a chart of accounts.

advance ship notice

An electronic notification sent by a supplier to a buyer in advance of a shipment detailing its contents and carrier information.

ASN

alert

A notification mechanism that informs users of a specific event, status change, or required action within the system.

assignment

A record tracking the engagement of a specific worker on a purchase order line, including start and end dates.

B

bank identifier code

A unique, internationally recognized identification code used to identify a specific financial or non-financial institution in a transaction. It is most commonly referred to as a SWIFT Code.

BIC

business profile

A public representation of an organization within the Coupa Supplier Portal Directory that helps potential customers find the company, learn what it does, and determine if they want to work with it

buyer

The individual or entity that acquires goods or services in exchange for payment.

C

catalog

A collection of a supplier's items or services integrated into a customer's procurement system, either by hosting the files directly or linking to an ecommerce site, to make the offerings easily searchable and purchasable.

clock auction

A dynamic event type encompassing Dutch and Japanese auctions where the price changes over time intervals.

Commerce eXtensible Markup Language

A standard framework used for the electronic exchange of business documents between applications.

cXML

compliant invoice

The process of issuing and receiving invoices that adhere to the specific tax and commercial laws of the country of origin and destination.

connection request

An invitation sent to link a supplier account with a customer account to enable electronic transactions.

consigned inventory

A model where suppliers place items into buyer warehouses but payment is only issued when the items are consumed.

contract

A binding legal agreement with a supplier that defines pricing, terms, and conditions for items or services.

Coupa Advanced

A subscription program providing suppliers with automation tools, integration capabilities, and consolidated invoice views.

Coupa Advantage

A program that leverages collective buying power to provide pre-negotiated discounts and savings to platform users.

CA

Coupa Navi

A generative AI solution that provides real-time support, answers procurement questions, and guides users through workflows using conversational AI agents.

Coupa Supplier Portal

A free tool for suppliers to manage orders, create catalogs, and submit invoices to their customers.

CSP

Coupa Verified Supplier

A designation for suppliers who have undergone identity and readiness verification, indicated by a badge in search results.

D

data universal numbering system number

A unique nine-digit identifier for businesses used to establish a business credit file and verify identity.

DUNS number

delivery address

The specific physical location where the goods or services on an invoice are received.

delivery method

The transmission framework that determines how a payment is sent to a supplier.

delivery schedule

A table within a purchase order line that details the specific dates and quantities for staggered shipments.

digital check

A payment method where a printable check image is made available for download via a secure portal or email.

direct spend

A cost directly tied to manufacturing or delivering core services.

diversity category

A specific classification used to define and report on a supplier's diversity status.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

A framework of policies and practices designed to support people of different backgrounds and identities by ensuring fair treatment, equal access to opportunities, and a culture of belonging.

Dutch auction

A clock auction where the price starts low and increases at set intervals until a supplier accepts the current price.

Dutch reverse auction

A clock auction where the price starts low and increases at set intervals until a supplier accepts the price.

E

early payment discount

A financial arrangement where a supplier accepts a reduced payment amount in exchange for accelerated settlement.

EPD

early payment request

A specific proposal submitted by a supplier to apply a discount to an invoice in exchange for immediate payment.

English reverse auction

A dynamic sourcing event where suppliers receive direct feedback on their competitive position and compete to offer the lowest price.

environmental, social, and governance

A framework used by businesses, investors, and procurement professionals to evaluate a company’s impact on the world and its exposure to non-financial risks.

ESG

eXtensible Markup Language

A universal meta-language used to describe data. It provides a standard way to wrap information in tags so that any computer can read it.

XML

F

fiscal representative

A local entity appointed by a foreign company to handle tax obligations and representation in a specific country.

forecast collaboration

A process enabling the sharing of demand estimates between buyers and suppliers to identify shortages and operational efficiencies.

G

H

header

The section at the top of a document that contains information applying to the entire transaction.

hosted catalog

A collection of supplier items loaded directly into the platform that users can search and add to their cart without leaving the system.

I

indirect spend

The spend that cannot be directly attributed to specific goods or services provided, typically representing day-to-day business operations.

inventory

The stocked goods or materials held by the company.

invoice

A formal, itemized business document sent by a seller to a buyer to request payment for goods or services delivered.

item

A specific product or service available for purchase, often from a catalog.

J

Japanese auction

A clock auction where the price starts high and decreases at set intervals, requiring suppliers to accept each step to remain active.

Japanese reverse auction

A clock auction where the price starts high and decreases at set intervals requiring suppliers to accept each step to remain active.

K

L

line

A single, discrete entry of a product or service within a larger document.

M

merchant

A business entity that sells goods or services directly to customers.

merge

The process of combining two or more distinct entities, datasets, or records into a single, unified whole.

merge request

A formal submission by an administrator to combine multiple related or duplicate supplier accounts into a single primary account to centralize company information, user access, and transactions.

multifactor authentication

A security framework that mandates a second verification method for suppliers to access the system.

MFA

mutual TLS

A security framework for cXML purchase order delivery where both the client and server exchange certificates to authenticate each other.

mTLS

N

non-disclosure agreement

A legally binding contract that establishes a confidential relationship between parties to protect sensitive information from being shared with outsiders.

NDA

O

onboarding

The integration framework that defines the process of collecting data, verifying credentials, and setting up a new user or supplier within a system.

one-click savings

The deals and special offers exclusive to the community designed to help suppliers lower their own business costs.

one-time password

A security code sent via email required to access supplier actionable notifications for purchase orders, functioning like two-factor authentication.

OTP

order

A formal request or a commercial document sent by a buyer to a seller, indicating the types, quantities, and agreed prices for products or services.

P

part number

A unique identifier assigned to a specific item or component to ensure it can be accurately identified, tracked, and ordered throughout the supply chain and inventory systems.

payment

The action or process of paying someone or something or of being paid.

payment method

The specific means by which an invoice liability is settled, such as check, credit card, or bank transfer.

primary contact

The main individual designated for communication for a supplier account, limited to one per record.

punchout

A mechanism that redirects users to a supplier's external website to shop and returns their selected items to the platform for approval.

purchase order

A legally binding document issued by a buyer to a seller indicating types, quantities, and agreed prices for products.

PO

Q

quality collaboration

A centralized process for buyers and suppliers to manage and share results of material inspections.

quality inspection

A request imported from external systems requiring a supplier to verify materials against defined characteristics.

quote

A formal document provided by a supplier that specifies the price, terms, and conditions for providing a particular set of goods or services.

R

rate

The standardized monetary value assigned to a specific unit of labor, typically an hour, used to calculate employee compensation and project costs.

remit-to address

The specific address and banking details provided by a supplier where they accept payment.

RTA

request for information

A sourcing event type used to collect qualitative data about supplier capabilities without asking for pricing.

RFI

request for proposal

A sourcing event type used to collect both pricing and additional general information about supplier capabilities.

RFP

request for quote

A sourcing event where a company solicits quotes from suppliers.

RFQ

requester

The individual or business unit that identifies a need for a product or service and initiates the purchasing process by submitting a formal requisition.

requisition

An internal request to purchase goods or services that must be approved before being converted into a purchase order.

reverse auction

A type of auction where sellers bid against each other to win a contract, driving the price down for the buyer.

S

secure file transfer framework

A secure network framework used to transfer files, often used for batch integrations like sending payment files or importing user data.

sFTP

service

A non-physical business requirement that is provided by a supplier and consumed as it is performed rather than stored as inventory.

service sheet

A document submitted by a supplier or buyer to record progress and work completed against a service order.

shared secret

A piece of data known only to the parties involved in a secure communication.

ship-from address

The specific location from which the supplier dispatches goods, used to determine tax jurisdiction and rates.

ship-to address

The physical location where the ordered goods should be delivered.

STA

single sign-on

An authentication process that allows a user to access multiple related yet independent software systems or applications using a single set of login credentials.

SSO

skill

A specific capability or qualification possessed by a worker that can be tracked in their profile.

Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

The global, secure messaging network used by financial institutions to exchange information, such as money transfer instructions, securities transactions, and treasury data.

SWIFT

sourcing event

A structured, time-bound activity run by a buyer to solicit information, proposals, or bids from suppliers.

spend

The total amount of money an organization pays to external suppliers for goods and services.

spot bid

A one-time request for a quote for an immediate need, typically outside of long-term contracts.

spot buy

A basic sourcing event created to fulfill an immediate or one-off need often initiated directly from a requisition.

supplier

An external entity that provides goods, raw materials, or services to another business.

supplier actionable notification

An email notification that allows suppliers to acknowledge orders, create invoices, or add comments directly from the email without logging into a portal.

SAN

supplier managed inventory

A process where a supplier is assigned responsibility for maintaining inventory levels and replenishing stock in a buyer's warehouse.

SMI

supplier part number

The supplier's identification number for an item, which is used for matching invoice lines to PO lines.

supplier payment account

A record containing the banking or contact details required to pay a specific supplier.

SPA

supplier site

A specific location or subsidiary of a supplier that can have unique remit-to addresses and purchasing settings.

supplier tax registration

The tax identification number associated with the supplier's legal entity.

T

template

A pre-configured reusable master file that dictates the structure, data fields, and logic for recurring documents or transactions.

tier 1 supplier

An external partner that provides goods or services directly to your company, maintaining a direct contractual relationship and receiving payment directly from your organization.

tier 2 diversity report

A report that lists the diversity status of a company's subcontractors and suppliers' suppliers.

tier 2 supplier

An indirect partner that provides the raw materials, components, or services required by your Tier 1 suppliers to fulfill your orders.

timesheet

A document used to allocate work hours to specific projects, tasks, or clients for the purposes of project costing, productivity analysis, and external billing.

token

A single unit of input data, typically individual words or punctuation marks separated from a larger body of text.

U

V

virtual card

A temporary digital credit card issued for preapproved expenses to simplify payment and reconciliation.

VC

W

worker

An individual who performs services and has a profile containing contact information, skills, and compliance documents.

X

Y

Z